When plugged into Ubuntu 22.04 via the USB Micro-B the Micro Bit mounts as:
/media/$USER/MICROBIT/
e.g.:
/media/ciro/MICROBIT/
for username ciro.
Loading the program is done by simply copying a .hex binary into the image e.g. with:
cp ~/Downloads/microbit_program.hex /media/$USER/MICROBIT/
The file name does not matter, only the .hex extension.
The back power light flashes while upload is happening.
Flashing takes about 10-15 seconds for the 1.8 MB scroll display hello world from microbit-micropython.readthedocs.io/en/v1.0.1/tutorials/hello.html:
from microbit import *
display.scroll("Hello, World!")
and the program starts executing immediately after flash ends.
You can restart the program by clicking the reset button near the USB. When you push down the program dies, and it restarts as soon as you release the button.