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An aerospace engineer applies aerospace engineering methods to flight vehicles or their components. The work can involve modeling aerodynamic loads, calculating trajectories, designing propulsion or evaluating structural and thermal response. A spacecraft instrument mount, for example, must retain alignment through launch vibration and temperature changes. The analysis links environmental assumptions to measurable component requirements and to how the entire vehicle operates.

Aerospace engineering concerns aircraft and spacecraft, linking aerodynamics, structures, propulsion, control and thermal design. Aircraft operate through forces exchanged with the atmosphere; spacecraft also require orbital dynamics and operation in vacuum. A low-mass structure can reduce propulsion requirements but may be more flexible, affecting control and vibration. Coupling these subsystems makes performance a system-level property: improving one component's isolated efficiency does not necessarily improve the complete vehicle.