A thermal pulse is a helium-shell flash caused by thermally unstable burning in a thin shell. It briefly drives intershell convection, expands and cools the hydrogen-burning shell, and can be followed by third dredge-up.
The Härm–Schwarzschild instability is the thin-shell thermal instability of helium burning in an asymptotic-giant-branch star. Heating greatly raises the nuclear rate while the geometrically thin shell initially expands too little to provide stabilizing cooling.
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