The decay probability or scattering cross section per solid angle, relative to stated polar and azimuthal axes. Spin correlations and angular-momentum selection can make it anisotropic; changing the polar axis reverses terms odd in its direction cosine.
The normalized difference of forward and backward cross sections relative to a specified incoming-particle axis. For with , integration gives and , hence . The pole forward-backward asymmetry for charged leptons is its specialized Z boson result.
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