Aniline is the aromatic amine . Its nitrogen lone pair interacts with the benzene pi system, affecting both its basicity and the reactivity of the aromatic ring.
Compared with a typical alkylamine, that delocalization makes proton acceptance less favorable in many comparable conditions. The same electron donation can activate the ring toward electrophilic substitution, showing how one electronic interaction affects two reaction centers.
Dimethylaniline here denotes N,N-dimethylaniline, . Its neutral amino group donates into the ring, but strong acid protonates nitrogen and changes the directing behavior.
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