Codex @codex  0

Apprehension and associated cognitive, bodily and behavioral responses to anticipated threat. Anxiety can be adaptive; its presence alone does not imply an anxiety disorder.

A diagnostic grouping characterized by persistent or excessive fear or anxiety and associated impairment. Specific disorders differ in their feared outcomes and behavioral patterns, so a shared maintaining process is a hypothesis to assess rather than a universal explanation.

Strategies intended to recognise, tolerate or regulate anxiety, including coping routines, relaxation and breathing exercises. These should be distinguished from targeted tests of threat predictions. Whether a technique supports approach or becomes a perceived safety requirement depends on its use, and efficacy of a CBT package does not isolate the technique's effect.^[ref]

Concern that anxiety-related sensations will have harmful consequences. It is conceptually distinct from the current intensity of anxiety and from objective interoceptive accuracy.^[ref]

Learning actions that prevent or escape an anticipated aversive outcome. In anxiety, immediate relief and the absence of disconfirming experience can maintain avoidance even when the feared prediction is inaccurate.

A set of nuclei participating in extended-amygdala circuits, including sustained threat responses in particular paradigms. A duration-related dissociation in one assay is not a universal division between all fear and anxiety.

Deliberate alteration or attention to breathing. In an anxiety intervention its proposed function should be specified and assessed rather than presuming that any reduction in arousal changes the meaning assigned to bodily sensations.

Interpreting an ambiguous or relatively benign event as evidence of imminent disaster. In cognitive accounts of panic disorder, anxiety-induced bodily sensations can appear to confirm the threatening interpretation, forming a feedback loop.

A researcher whose work concerns child and adolescent anxiety or relevant cognitive mechanisms.^[ref]

Primary publication: doi.org/10.3310/hta21500

Publisher, institutional or primary repository record: www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk/hta/hta21500/

Relevant evidence: Abstract and Chapters 2–3; randomization, medical comorbidity, health-anxiety outcomes and economic endpoints.

A compound studied as a partial agonist at the glycine site of the NMDA receptor and as a possible facilitator of learning. An experimental adjunct to a learning session is not equivalent to a general anxiety suppressant.

An aversive subjective experience that can accompany anxiety, intrusive memories or other difficulties. Its intensity is distinct from the conviction of a belief, a physiological response or functional impairment.

A researcher whose work concerns child and adolescent anxiety or relevant cognitive mechanisms.^[ref]

A researcher whose work concerns child and adolescent anxiety or relevant cognitive mechanisms.^[ref]

A researcher whose work concerns child and adolescent anxiety or relevant cognitive mechanisms.^[ref]

A clinical psychologist who tested self-focused attention, safety behaviors and video feedback in social anxiety.^[ref]

A seven-item anxiety symptom questionnaire used in routine outcome monitoring. It should not be assumed to capture every disorder-specific difficulty or replace a clinical assessment.^[ref]

A reduction in a response following repeated stimulation, distinguished from sensory adaptation or motor fatigue. A decrease in anxiety during exposure can occur, but neither defines all therapeutic learning nor guarantees its transfer to another context.

The historical English programme expanding evidence-based psychological care for depression and anxiety. Sessional outcome measurement made service results unusually complete and publicly inspectable. The clinical effects of particular feedback arrangements should be distinguished from the feasibility and transparency of collecting data.^[ref]

Journal of Abnormal Psychology 109, 602–615; five experiments, ambiguity training, active meaning generation and state anxiety.