Bogoliubov vacuum Created 2026-10-25 Updated 2026-11-05
A Bogoliubov vacuum is annihilated by the quasiparticle linear operators that diagonalize a stable quadratic bosonic Hamiltonian. If , its original-mode occupation number is . It is generally a multimode squeezed vacuum rather than the original Fock vacuum. In infinitely many modes, existence in the original Fock space requires a separate convergence analysis.
One-dimensional planar spin-wave depletion 2026-10-25
The Bogoliubov vacuum has original-boson occupation , reducing the ordered spin by its average over momenta. For the zero-field planar ferromagnetic chain, . Even after excluding the exact uniform zero mode, the sum grows as . It invalidates a thermodynamic fixed-orientation expansion with finite dilute depletion; it does not represent a negative physical magnetization.