Let for real even , and let every annihilate a normalized vacuum state. Inverting the Bogoliubov transformation gives . Only survives, proving the displayed vacuum expectation values. Taking the Hermitian adjoint gives the same real negative pair amplitude for two creation operators. The normal occupation number is quadratic at small , whereas the pair amplitude is linear. For one opposite-momentum pair the two-mode squeezed vacuum is , fixing the sign convention directly.

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