Gaussian limit of a Brownian exit skeleton 2026-10-14
The position is the sum of independent symmetric signs. Its characteristic function after division by is . The Lévy continuity theorem gives the normal distribution limit. Scaling the same skeleton to radius and using Brownian exit-skeleton clock convergence identifies its other limit as , forcing .
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2007 iii Paper 33 3 c Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
At each finite stopping time , the Strong Markov property says that is a standard Brownian motion independent of the past sigma-algebra. Its exit time from is exactly . By induction the stopping times are finite almost surely, and these durations are independent with common law , not merely identically distributed. This is the Brownian exit-time skeleton.
Put , which follows from the moment estimate. Brownian scaling gives . Forthere are independent durations of mean and variance . ConsequentlyFor each , Chebyshev's inequality givesApply the Borel-Cantelli first lemma for a countable sequence of positive errors tending to zero. We obtain the Brownian exit-skeleton clock convergence:No independence between the clocks for different values of is required.