Chemical weathering alters or dissolves exposed rock and minerals through reactions with water, gases and dissolved substances. The reaction rate depends on mineral composition, temperature, reactive surface area and the supply and removal of fluid. Fracturing can accelerate weathering by exposing fresh surfaces.
In silicate weathering, reactions involving carbon dioxide connect rock alteration with the long-term carbon cycle. The eventual climate effect also depends on transport, carbonate burial and recycling. A classic feedback model links warmer conditions with increased weathering and carbon-dioxide removal; its operation requires suitable rocks and water supply.[ref]
Chemical and physical exchange between water and rock, including dissolution, precipitation, hydration and changes in oxidation state.
Hydration and chemical modification of ultramafic rock, commonly producing serpentine minerals and, under suitable conditions, hydrogen.
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