Christian Otto Mohr was an engineer whose work connected graphical methods with the analysis of stressed materials. Mohr's circle represents the normal stress and shear stress on differently oriented planes by points on a circle, turning a change of coordinates into a geometric construction. TU Dresden's historical account relates this construction to his 1882 work on the representation of stress and deformation.[ref]
For a two-dimensional stress tensor, the circle has centre and radius
(1)
Its horizontal intercepts give the principal stresses. This makes Mohr's circle useful for seeing both extremal stresses and the relation between plane orientation and the components of stress.
Figure 1.
Portrait of Christian Otto Mohr
. Wilhelm Höffert, 1897; scan via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain according to the Wikimedia Commons file page (PD-old-100 and Public Domain Mark). Source usage terms, via Wikimedia Commons. Source.

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