A testable account linking a person's difficulties to relevant precipitating, maintaining and protective processes. A formulation guides intervention and should be revised when predicted effects do not occur; it is more informative than merely repeating the diagnosis.
A requirement for support or treatment assessed through difficulties, distress, impairment, risk, context and preferences. Actual service contact is an imperfect proxy because access, willingness and discrimination affect who receives care.
A distinguishable element of an intervention, such as exposure, attentional training or organizing skills. Evidence that a package works is different from evidence that one component is necessary or sufficient.
A process relevant across more than one diagnostic category. A shared safety behavior or attentional process can justify common intervention principles while its feared meaning and context differ between individuals.
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