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Incoming links: Condensed matter
Condensed matter Created 2026-10-18 Updated 2026-11-05
Condensed matter comprises physical systems such as solids and liquids in which interactions among many constituents determine the observed properties. The term refers to the material system; condensed matter physics studies its structure, dynamics and phases.
A crystal illustrates the change of viewpoint. Its chemical atoms can have collective vibrational modes described as phonons, while its electronic response can involve energy bands rather than isolated-atom energy levels. Collective excitations and phase transitions show why a many-constituent system can display useful organizing principles that are not apparent from one atom alone.
Daniel C. Tsui Created 2026-10-24 Updated 2026-11-05
Daniel C. Tsui coauthored the 1982 observation of a fractional quantum Hall effect. High-mobility electrons confined to two dimensions exhibited a Hall plateau with electrical resistance when the lowest spin-polarized Landau level was one-third filled. A simultaneous minimum in longitudinal electrical resistance distinguished a collective electronic state from an ordinary smooth change in transport. The result created a problem beyond the noninteracting integer Hall picture.[ref]
Two-Dimensional Magnetotransport in the Extreme Quantum Limit by Daniel Chee Tsui and others. Physical Review Letters 48, 1559 (1982), observed one-third-filling plateau
A physicist who studied condensed matter at Princeton.[ref]
Professional profile of Daniel Chee Tsui. Independent professional identity
Portrait of Daniel C. Tsui
. Istvan Hargittai, photograph of Daniel C. Tsui at Princeton in 1999; existing Commons crop from the three-person figure reproduced in Paradigms and paradoxes: fractional electron charge (2022). Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International., via Wikimedia Commons. Source.
Nobel Prize in Physics in 1994 2026-10-18
For pioneering neutron scattering techniques for studying condensed matter, Bertram Neville Brockhouse received one half for developing neutron spectroscopy, while Clifford Glenwood Shull received one half for developing neutron diffraction.[ref]
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1994 by Nobel Prize Outreach. Individual official 1994 summary: equal halves; Brockhouse neutron spectroscopy and Shull neutron diffraction are distinct contributions.