Write a line as and the surface equation as . Smoothness says , have no common zero. Projection extends over by . Its fibres are the residual plane conics in the planes through , since substituting , gives . Different residual conics are disjoint everywhere, including their points on , because they are fibres of one morphism of algebraic varieties. The family is flat: over the smooth base curve its local rings are torsion-free over the corresponding discrete valuation ring; smoothness of the total surface supplies the reduced-fibre conclusions.
The matrix of the residual plane conic in coordinates has coefficient degrees in the plane parameter . Every term of its determinant has degree five. The reduced singular fibres of a smooth conic bundle lemma rules out an identically zero determinant and makes each zero simple. Over an algebraically closed field, there are therefore exactly five singular fibres, each a pair of distinct coplanar projective lines. No residual conic contains the original line, because would make proportional and force a common zero. Pairs from different fibres are disjoint.

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