The cosmic X-ray background is the aggregate X-ray radiation received from the sky after accounting for foreground and instrumental contributions. In an instrument with limited angular resolution, many distant sources contribute an apparently diffuse signal. Resolving more sources changes the resolved fraction without making their summed radiation cease to be a background.
A measurement therefore requires both an energy spectrum and control of detector backgrounds and sky coverage. The HEAO 1 A2 experiment measured the cosmic background in the 3–50 keV band, providing a benchmark for separating a broad background spectrum from individual sources.[ref]

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