Set
Their covering graph is
with adjacency matrix
The closed walks and give a horseshoe from two closed covering walks for , so must be chaotic. Since
counting cycles in an interval covering graph gives
distinct 3-cycles in the minimum case, attained by the corresponding connect-the-dots interval map.
Let
The covering relations are
Thus the covering graph has adjacency matrix
The two closed length-three walks
give a horseshoe from two closed covering walks for , so must be chaotic. Moreover,
By counting cycles in an interval covering graph, the number of primitive length-three cyclic itineraries is
Hence must have at least, and the connect-the-dots realization shows that it need have only, distinct 3-cycles.