Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2009 ii Paper 4 14E Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-24
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2022 ii Paper 2 33B b ii Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-25
SetTheir covering graph iswith adjacency matrixThe closed walks and give a horseshoe from two closed covering walks for , so must be chaotic. Sincecounting cycles in an interval covering graph givesdistinct 3-cycles in the minimum case, attained by the corresponding connect-the-dots interval map.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2022 ii Paper 2 33B b i Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-25
LetThe covering relations areThus the covering graph has adjacency matrixThe two closed length-three walksgive a horseshoe from two closed covering walks for , so must be chaotic. Moreover,By counting cycles in an interval covering graph, the number of primitive length-three cyclic itineraries isHence must have at least, and the connect-the-dots realization shows that it need have only, distinct 3-cycles.