For , minimization of the homogeneous Landau free energy gives . The unique minimum near zero has . Therefore its first two derivatives with respect to vanish at zero, whereas its third derivative is . With the first nonzero response diverges as . This is response to the variable through a cubic source, so it differs from the conventional third-order coefficient for a linearly coupled magnetic field. The missing factor would give an incorrect susceptibility if one confused a series coefficient with a derivative.

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