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Peter Grünberg coauthored experiments revealing a large dependence of electrical resistance on the relative orientation of magnetic layers. In iron-chromium-iron structures, an antiparallel arrangement of the iron-layer magnetization gave higher electrical resistance than a parallel arrangement. The effect grew in structures containing more magnetic layers and substantially exceeded ordinary anisotropic magnetoresistance. This connects magnetic configuration with electrical readout and helped establish giant magnetoresistance as a basis for magnetic sensing.^[ref]

A physicist.^[ref]