A deformable mirror changes its optical surface using an array of actuators. For reflection near normal incidence, surface displacement changes optical path length by twice that displacement.
With actuators across diameter , the projected pitch is approximately . The Nyquist spatial frequency is , so the largest correctable angular speckle displacement along an actuator row is . A square actuator array gives a square ideal spatial-frequency region. See the Bordé–Traub wavefront-control derivation.
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A deformable mirror is an optical device used to control the shape of a reflective surface in order to correct and optimize wavefronts of light. These mirrors are designed to deform in response to applied electrical signals, enabling real-time adjustments to their shape. This ability is essential for correcting optical aberrations caused by atmospheric turbulence, optical system imperfections, or other disturbances.