Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2001 iii Paper 21 6 b Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
When paths move only by jumps of size , there is neither a Gaussian component nor a continuous drift. The Lévy measure is supported on and has finite mass because these points are bounded away from zero. The process is therefore a Compound Poisson process, expressible as a difference of independent Poisson processeswhere the rates are respectively. The martingale assumptions implyHence . The embedded jump chain is a simple symmetric random walk, and the total jump rate is one. In particular,This is the symmetric Skellam distribution, with the explicit mass functionFor , sum the joint probabilities of ; for , interchange the two variables. The characteristic function is , consistent with the rate-one symmetric Poisson difference process. The condition that paths move only by jumps is essential to exclude a separate continuous component.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2013 iii Paper 24 2 d Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-07
Take two independent rate-one Poisson processes and , and letThe difference of independent Poisson processes starts at zero and has stationary increments and independent increments. Its paths are càdlàg. For an interval of length , the probability of any jump is , proving stochastic continuity. Thus is a Lévy process. The characteristic function of a Poisson distribution with mean is , so independence givesThe sample paths are integer-valued step functions with jumps or . On every bounded interval there are only finitely many jumps, and independent Poisson arrival times coincide with probability zero. The combined arrival rate is two: holding times are independent exponentials of rate two, and each jump direction has probability , independently of the holding times. This is equivalently a Compound Poisson process of rate two with Rademacher distribution jump sizes. Its paths have finite variation on compact time intervals, although there are infinitely many jumps over the whole half-line almost surely.