Dust stress-energy tensor ($T^{\mu \nu }=m{n}_0{u}^{\mu }{u}^{\nu }$)

A pressureless fluid with proper number density $n_0$, rest mass $m$ and four-velocity $u$ has tensor $m{n}_0{u}^{\mu }{u}^{\nu }$. In its local rest frame there is energy density but no spatial stress. Particle-number conservation and the Lorentz force make its divergence the electromagnetic force density.

Null dust is matter with a stress-energy tensor $T_{ab}=\epsilon k_a{k}_b$ for a future-directed null vector $k$. For every future-directed timelike vector $t$, the energy current is $-T^a{}_b{t}^b=\epsilon (-k\cdot t)k^a$. Therefore its dominant energy condition holds exactly when $\epsilon \ge 0$, allowing the zero current. Rescaling $k$ rescales $\epsilon$ inversely by the square and leaves the stress-energy tensor unchanged. Ingoing Vaidya metric matter has $k=-{\partial }_r$, $k_a=-(dv{)}_a$, and $\epsilon =\dot{m}/(4\pi r^2)$.