Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2001 iii Paper 1 2 b iii Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
Let be the normal closure of the upper unipotents . Conjugation by givesThus also contains every lower unipotent . We prove explicitly that these elementary unipotent generators of SL2R generate the full group.
For , multiplication givesSo all determinant-one diagonal matrices lie in . If has and , thenbecause its lower-right entry is . If , then and left multiplication by makes the upper-left entry equal to . The resulting matrix lies in by the preceding factorization, and restores . Therefore
The diagonal element conjugates to . In a finite-dimensional unitary representation, conjugacy therefore makes its eigenvalue multiset invariant under every square power. Square-power rigidity of a finite nonzero spectrum makes the image of every upper unipotent the identity. Its kernel is a normal subgroup; elementary unipotent generators of SL2R then force the entire group representation to be trivial. This algebraic argument does not require continuity.