Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2008 iii Paper 72 1 i Solution 2026-10-14
Write the gross star formation rate as , with constant. Use the instantaneous recycling approximation: a fraction returns promptly, while a fraction stays in long-lived stars and remnants. Assume , instantaneous mixing, and no galactic gas inflow or galactic outflow. If denotes the permanently locked stellar mass, mass conservation givesSet . Integration, with , gives the exponential closed-box gas consumption lawThe locked mass is , so at every time. The decay time is , longer than the gross gas-processing time because returned gas can form subsequent generations. The formal limit retains all gas and locks no mass; a finite stellar yield defined per locked mass then needs separate treatment.