Loss of all members of a lineage. Local disappearance is an extirpation and must be distinguished from global extinction, especially when interpreting a regional fossil record.
A delayed future loss of species caused by past environmental change. Habitat loss or fragmentation can leave surviving populations that are not viable in the long term, so present species richness exceeds what the altered system can sustain. The delay provides a potential opportunity for restoration or reconnection before losses are realized.[ref]
Habitat destruction and the extinction debt by David Tilman and others. Abstract: delayed losses following habitat fragmentation
Systematic variation in extinction probability with biological or ecological traits. Associations can change between events and taxonomic levels: geographic range, body size and sexual dimorphism have each been linked to survival differences in particular datasets, but none is a universal predictor across all mass extinctions.
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