Flattened power-law gravitational potential ($\Phi ={\Phi }_0[R_0/(R^2+{\lambda }^2{z}^2{)}^{1/2}{]}^{\beta }$)

A flattened power-law Newtonian gravitational potential has equipotential spheroids $R^2+{\lambda }^2{z}^2=\text{constant}$. For ${\Phi }_0<0$ and $0<\beta <1$, its midplane circular orbit angular frequency satisfies ${\Omega }^2=-\beta {\Phi }_0{R}_0^{\beta }{R}^{-\beta -2}$.

Applying the Poisson equation for Newtonian gravity to a flattened power-law gravitational potential yieldsFor $0<\beta <1$, nonnegative mass density everywhere outside the origin requires and is ensured by $\beta \le {\lambda }^2\le 2/(\beta +1)$. The central density singularity is locally integrable and carries no point mass, although the total mass diverges at large radius in this scale-free model.