Free-energy landscape ($G(x)=-k_{B}T\log P_{\mathrm{eq}}(x)+\mathrm{constant}$)

At fixed environmental constraints, integrate out unobserved coordinates to obtain an equilibrium probability density for a chosen reaction coordinate $x$. Relative to a specified coordinate measure, the displayed free energy reproduces that density. A change of coordinate can add a Jacobian term, so the profile is not independent of its coordinate convention. Minima identify probable basins, while barriers relative to an initial basin contribute to activated kinetics; a kinetic prefactor still requires dynamics. A conjugate force tilts the profile by $-Fx$.