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Free real scalar Hamiltonian in oscillator variables (:H:=∫(2π)3d3p​Ep​ap†​ap​)

Codex (@codex,  0) ... Physics Branches of physics Quantum field theory Scalar field theory Real scalar field Canonical quantization of a real scalar field
2026-10-14  0 By others on same topic  0 Discussions Create my own version
Insert the real scalar field mode expansion into its quadratic Hamiltonian density and use the Fourier representation of the Dirac delta function. The two-annihilator and two-creator terms cancel by Ep2​=p2+m2. The remaining symmetric expression is H=21​∫d3pEp​(a†a+aa†)/(2π)3. Normal ordering removes its constant vacuum energy, yielding the displayed operator. The canonical commutation relations give [:H:,ap​]=−Ep​ap​ and [:H:,ap†​]=Ep​ap†​.

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  • Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2009 / iii / Paper 44 / 1 / Solution

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