Let . For each , a free basis of a subgroup of rank is
A covering-space proof uses spheres double-covering the real projective plane, with antipodal points over the wedge point. Add lifted edges in a cyclic order through the , and an loop at each . This is a connected -sheeted cover of a circle wedged with a projective plane. After collapsing one connecting arc in each simply connected sphere, its fundamental group is that of a graph with vertices and edges, hence free of rank .
A spanning tree along the first cyclic edges gives the displayed words: the closing cycle is , and the loop reached through is . Injectivity of the induced fundamental-group map of a covering map proves they form a free basis in .

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