A gaugino is the spin-one-half superpartner of a gauge boson and transforms in the adjoint representation of its gauge group. Gaugino loops modify gauge-coupling beta functions above the supersymmetry-breaking threshold.
The bino is the spin-one-half gaugino of the hypercharge gauge group. Its adjoint representation is the singlet , so it has no hypercharge of its own. After electroweak symmetry breaking, it can mix with the neutral wino and higgsinos into neutralinos.
A wino is a spin-one-half gaugino of the weak gauge group. Before electroweak symmetry breaking, its three adjoint components transform as and can be described by a triplet of Majorana spinors. After symmetry breaking, the neutral component can mix with the bino and neutral higgsinos into neutralinos.
The gluino is the spin-one-half sparticle paired with a gluon. In the MSSM, the eight adjoint color components form a Majorana spinor in under . Its gauge representation is real, so the opposite-helicity antiparticle states are already included in the adjoint multiplet.
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Gauginos are hypothetical particles in the field of theoretical physics, specifically within the context of supersymmetry (SUSY). Supersymmetry is a proposed extension of the Standard Model of particle physics that suggests every known particle has a corresponding "superpartner" with different spin characteristics. In this framework, gauginos are the superpartners of gauge bosons, which are force-carrying particles.