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An embryonic germ layer giving rise to epidermal and neural tissues, including the origin of vertebrate neural crest.

An embryonic germ layer contributing to the epithelial lining of much of the digestive and respiratory systems and associated organs.

A trophoblast-derived tissue adjacent to the early mouse epiblast. Its signalling interactions help organize gastrulation, while it is not itself an epiblast-derived germ layer.

A transitional pluripotent state in which naive circuitry has been dismantled while competence for later lineage induction is being acquired. This is a state transition, not an additional germ layer.

The coordinated rearrangements that establish the principal germ layers and their relative positions in an early embryo.

An embryonic germ layer supplying diverse tissues, including muscle and much connective tissue; particular connective tissues can also arise from ectoderm-derived neural crest.