A former southern supercontinent. Its changing connections constrain historical biogeography, without implying that every shared lineage originated by vicariance.
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Gondwana is a historical supercontinent that existed during the late Precambrian and throughout the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras, roughly from about 600 million years ago until it began to break apart around 180 million years ago. It originally formed when several smaller landmasses joined together, encompassing what are now present-day South America, Africa, Antarctica, Australia, the Indian subcontinent, and parts of the Middle East.