Exhaust a simply connected hyperbolic Riemann surface in potential theory by compact bordered Jordan domains . Their Green functions on a Riemann surface have logarithmic poles and zero boundary values. Exponentiating their harmonic conjugates produces proper degree-one maps with . If , normalize . Domain monotonicity and a global positive Green function bound increasingly from above. Thus Montel theorem gives a nonconstant limit , which is injective by the locally uniform limit of univalent functions theorem. The Schwarz lemma makes extremal among normalized disk-valued maps. If omitted , taking a global holomorphic square root of a disk automorphism applied to , then renormalizing at , would multiply its derivative by . Thus is onto and gives the desired biholomorphism.

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