Hall angle Created 2026-10-18 Updated 2026-11-05
In an isotropic single-carrier Drude model, let the electric current density point along , with zero transverse current and magnetic field along . The Hall coefficient is and the longitudinal electrical conductivity is , where the charge carrier mobility is positive. Consequently . This signed Hall angle convention describes the angle of the electric field relative to the current; a convention measuring current relative to field has the opposite sign.
For one isotropic carrier species in the Drude model, the longitudinal electrical resistivity at zero transverse electric current is , and the Hall electrical resistivity has magnitude . Equivalently, the electric field balances the magnetic deflection through , while . Therefore the magnitude of the Hall angle obeys
The required ratio gives
The electron density cancels. With electric current along and field along , electrons have negative Hall coefficient and hence ; the requested one-percent condition concerns the magnitude. This calculation assumes electrons dominate transport and the transverse contacts draw no electric current, so a Hall field can develop.
For a single carrier species with positive charge carrier mobility , the Hall coefficient and longitudinal electrical conductivity are
Take the electric current density along , magnetic field along , and no transverse current. Then and , giving the Hall angle relation
The sign specifies the electron Hall polarity; the ratio of field magnitudes is . Converting the stated electron mobility to SI gives . Therefore
This uses the homogeneous single-carrier Drude model; the carrier density cancels.