Holomorphic forms on a compact complex surface are closed

On a compact complex surface, the claim also holds without a Kähler metric. For a holomorphic one-form $\alpha$, let $\beta =d\alpha$. It is a closed holomorphic two-form, and the Stokes theorem gives $\int \beta \wedge \bar{\beta }=\int d(\alpha \wedge \bar{\beta })=0$. Positivity of $\beta \wedge \bar{\beta }$ forces $\beta =0$. Functions are constant on each connected component, and holomorphic two-forms are closed by dimension.

Closed holomorphic one-forms inject into de Rham cohomology: an exact one would have a global holomorphic primitive and hence vanish. If a holomorphic class equals an antiholomorphic class, their difference is $df$, and $\partial \bar{\partial }f=0$; compact pluriharmonic rigidity makes both forms vanish. Their direct sum gives the lower bound. The sheaf of closed holomorphic one-forms exact sequence gives $0\to H^0({\Omega }^1)\to H^1(\mathbb{C})\to H^1(\mathcal{O})$, yielding the upper bound and $h^{1,0}\le h^{0,1}$. These inequalities do not require a Kähler manifold.