Intergroup bias is a systematic difference in judgments, feelings or behavior toward people associated with different social groups. It can favor an ingroup, disadvantage an outgroup or combine both tendencies. Social categorization identifies the grouping; intergroup bias concerns an asymmetric evaluation or response, so group membership alone does not establish bias.
For an original measurement example, present otherwise matched descriptions with different group labels and compare resource allocations or evaluations. The comparison must specify the relevant equal-treatment baseline and control information that could independently affect the decision. A judgment task and an allocation task can reveal different aspects of the response.
Research on intergroup contact asks when interaction changes these outcomes. Thomas F. Pettigrew and collaborators' original meta-analysis combined evidence across many studies and examined the relation between contact and prejudice. Such a synthesis does not make every included association a randomized causal effect; study design and the conditions of contact remain part of the interpretation.[ref]
A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory by Thomas F. Pettigrew and others. 2006, abstract and moderators of the contact–prejudice relationship
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