A radial force proportional to . For potential , its outward radial component is : positive is repulsive and negative is attractive.
For nonzero angular momentum , put and . The Binet equation is . Positive gives cosine scattering branches, zero gives linear reciprocal radius, and negative gives exponential combinations, with energy distinguishing sinh, exponential and cosh branches. Only intervals with are physical.
At the centrifugal and force potentials cancel. With zero radial speed, any radius is a circular solution, but there is no radial restoring force; radial-velocity perturbations are not confined.

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