Jamie Ryan Kiros coauthored the 2016 layer normalization paper with Jimmy Lei Ba and Geoffrey E. Hinton. The original paper gives the full byline Jamie Ryan Kiros and a University of Toronto affiliation. Its normalization statistics are computed across the inputs within one case, rather than across different cases in a batch.[ref]
Layer Normalization by Jimmy Lei Ba and others. Title page; §3, equation 3; §3.1, recurrent-network application
A small original implementation experiment tests that distinction without measuring training speed. Fix one case's two inputs at , unit gains, zero biases and a variance stabilizer of . The within-case mean is and variance is , so its normalized outputs areEvaluate this case first beside another case and then beside . The stated isolated normalization computation returns the same output for in both evaluations, because neither companion enters its statistics. This tests a concrete dependency of the computation, not a claim about every layer of a complete network.
The paper also studies recurrent neural networks, computing the statistics separately at each time step.[ref]
Layer Normalization by Jimmy Lei Ba and others. §3.1 and experimental sections
That application makes the choice of averaging axes consequential. The paper establishes a collaborative contribution; its byline does not assign a separate invention to each author. Articles by others on the same topic
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