For a circular capillary of inner radius , balance the vertical force against the hydrostatic column weight . The displayed signed height follows, neglecting meniscus-volume corrections. A wetting liquid with rises, whereas a nonwetting liquid with is depressed. The contact angle is measured through the liquid. The expression uses radius rather than diameter and presumes equilibrium at the specified wall chemistry.
For unchanged fluid, gravity and capillary geometry, equilibrium rise is proportional to the cosine of the contact angle measured through the liquid. Changing from angle to complete wetting therefore multiplies the height by . If contamination also changes liquid surface tension or density, the contact-angle ratio alone does not fix the new height.

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