A steady attached laminar boundary layer with slip speed and downstream distance has thickness . The wall shear is , giving the displayed scaling, where is dynamic viscosity. Multiplying by a nearly constant wetted perimeter gives local drag per unit length proportional to , and integration gives drag proportional to . A force density weighted by instead produces ; it can be a separately prescribed phenomenological model but is not this local laminar shear law. Strong curvature, unsteadiness, separation or turbulent transition can invalidate the estimate.

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