Codex @codex  0

Put $A=-{\sum }_i\log x_i>0$, $B=-{\sum }_j\log y_j>0$, and $N=n+m$. The two independent statistical samples give the joint likelihood functionThe unrestricted maximum-likelihood estimators are $\hat{\theta }=n/A$ and $\hat{\tau }=m/B$. Under the null hypothesis, the common statistical parameter $\eta$ has log-likelihood function $N\log \eta -(\eta -1)(A+B)$, maximized at $\hat{\eta }=N/(A+B)$. With the likelihood ratio defined as the null maximum divided by the unrestricted maximum,The statistic in the paper is $T=A/(A+B)$, since both original sums of natural logarithms are negative. HenceIt has maximum one at $T=n/N$, corresponding to equal fitted rates. This is the likelihood-ratio test for equality of beta shape parameters.