Hemicontinuity 2026-10-24
For a real Banach space and a convex set , a map is hemicontinuous if is continuous on for all and . This tests continuity only along line segments and only through pairings with fixed vectors. It is enough for the limiting step in Minty's lemma.
A useful form of Minty's lemma is the following. Let be a real Banach space, a nonempty convex set, and a monotone operator that is hemicontinuous. Here operator monotonicity means for , and hemicontinuity means that is continuous on for and . For ,
The forward implication follows from operator monotonicity:
For the reverse implication, fix and take for . The assumed inequality gives
Divide by and send . Hemicontinuity gives , as required.
In the whole-space version, for a monotone operator that is hemicontinuous,
Apply the just-proved result to and ; the resulting inequality for all forces by choosing . This is the variational inequality form of Minty's lemma.