The approximate donor metal-insulator threshold is often written . It estimates when overlap and screening destroy isolated donor localization. The numerical coefficient is empirical and not a universal exact result; disorder, compensation and anisotropy can shift the threshold.[ref]
The Mott criterion: So simple and yet so complex by Alexander Pergament and others. Abstract and effective-radius scaling
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The Mott criterion is a theoretical framework used to describe the transition between a metallic state and an insulating state in disordered materials, particularly in the context of electronic conduction. It is named after the physicist Neville Mott, who made significant contributions to the understanding of the behavior of electrons in condensed matter systems. The Mott criterion particularly addresses how disorder in a material affects its electronic properties.