A multi-object spectrograph records optical spectra of many selected objects simultaneously. The main designs are multi-slit spectrographs and fiber-fed spectrographs. The ESO instrumentation overview describes both arrangements.
A multi-slit spectrograph puts separate slits at target positions in the focal plane. Each slit transmits the target plus nearby sky; dispersion places its spatially resolved optical spectrum on the detector.
A fiber-fed spectrograph places optical fibers on selected targets and reformats their output into a common entrance slit. Dedicated sky fibers sample sky brightness. Fiber coupling, transmission, and output beam spreading affect throughput and resolution.
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