A nanoparticle formed from several crystallographic domains joined by twin boundaries. Low-energy external facets can compensate the internal boundary and elastic-strain cost; fivefold motifs cannot extend as an unstrained periodic bulk crystal.
A multiply twinned particle containing twenty approximately tetrahedral domains around a common centre. Its idealized exterior has twenty triangular facets; surface-energy reduction competes with strain and twin-boundary costs.
A fivefold-twinned particle with five approximately tetrahedral domains sharing an axis. Five ideal fcc tetrahedral wedge angles leave an angular deficit of about , accommodated by strain and defects.

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