A particle with dimensions on the nanometre scale.
Deposition of clusters produced in a gas-phase aggregation source. Source conditions control the size distribution, and optional mass selection narrows it. Landing energy and substrate interactions can change the structure delivered to a surface.
A nanoparticle formed from several crystallographic domains joined by twin boundaries. Low-energy external facets can compensate the internal boundary and elastic-strain cost; fivefold motifs cannot extend as an unstrained periodic bulk crystal.
A multiply twinned particle containing twenty approximately tetrahedral domains around a common centre. Its idealized exterior has twenty triangular facets; surface-energy reduction competes with strain and twin-boundary costs.
A fivefold-twinned particle with five approximately tetrahedral domains sharing an axis. Five ideal fcc tetrahedral wedge angles leave an angular deficit of about , accommodated by strain and defects.
Formation of particles or films by delivering precursor droplets into a heated environment where solvent evaporation and precursor decomposition occur. Drying and reaction within droplets can produce dense or porous particles.
A nanoscale particle containing two metallic elements. Spatial arrangements include disordered alloys, chemically ordered alloys, core-shell structures and segregated domains; composition alone does not specify the arrangement.
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