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Giorgi Dvali, Nima Arkani-Hamed and Savas Dimopoulos proposed using large extra dimensions to address the hierarchy problem. In the proposal, gravity propagates through the larger spatial volume while low-energy Standard Model fields are confined to an effectively four-dimensional region. The resulting Planck mass from compactification volume relates apparently weak long-distance gravity to the geometry. Changes in short-distance gravitational forces and missing-energy signals provide possible experimental tests of this proposed framework.^[ref]

Nima Arkani-Hamed coauthored a proposal in which large extra dimensions account for the separation between the observed Planck mass and the electroweak scale. The model assigns different propagation spaces to gravity and the low-energy Standard Model fields. Its importance as a physical proposal lies in the resulting tests: altered short-distance gravity and processes in which energy escapes into the additional directions. Those predictions depend on the assumed geometry and localization mechanism.^[ref]