Nuclear fuel based on metal oxides. Chemical composition and the oxygen-to-metal ratio affect transport, stability and compatibility with surrounding materials.
A plutonium oxide, , used as a component of mixed oxide nuclear fuel. Its use requires attention to decay heat, chemical compatibility and the distribution of fissile material; no fabrication recipe is specified.
The number ratio of oxygen atoms to metal atoms in an oxide. Departures from a reference stoichiometry change defect populations, oxidation states and chemical potentials; these can influence transport and compatibility.
Oxide nuclear fuel containing more than one metal oxide; in the usual power-reactor context it refers to uranium–plutonium oxide fuel. Its initial averaged composition does not preclude local variations or actinide redistribution in oxide fuel during service.
Spatial changes in actinide composition during service. Temperature gradients, chemical potentials, oxygen chemistry and transport through the solid or across pores can contribute. A temperature gradient alone does not determine a unique plutonium migration direction.
A ceramic uranium oxide used as nuclear fuel. Its thermal conductivity, gas retention and microstructure evolve with temperature and irradiation.
Uranium-dioxide fuel modified by controlled dopant additions to influence properties such as grain structure and deformation. Irradiated behavior must be assessed for the actual modified material.
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