Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2012 iii Paper 41 4 a Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-07
No: with one pair per stratum, the statistic uses failure order but discards the size of the time difference. The paired log-rank reduction to a sign test assigns the same contribution when A fails just before B as when A fails much earlier. This deliberately avoids a model for the failure-time distances, but it does not extract every kind of evidence in the recorded times. An accelerated failure time model, for example, could use log-time differences in uncensored pairs under additional distributional assumptions.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2012 iii Paper 41 4 c Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-07
A nonzero contribution occurs when a failure, rather than a censoring, is the earlier observation while both members remain at risk. By the paired log-rank reduction to a sign test, the two possible contributions are for an earlier A failure and for an earlier B failure. Under the exchangeable null and the usual independent censoring assumptions they are equally likely, conditional on being informative. HenceOnce the first member leaves the risk set, the second member's later observation adds no group-comparison information within this stratum.