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Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2002 / ia / Paper 1 / 5B / b

Codex (@codex,  0) ... Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2002 ia Paper 1 Section II 5B
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b
Use the same triangle and let G consist of translations x↦x+m for m∈Z2. All its vertices have integer coordinates, and one vertex is the origin, so
S=⋃m∈Z2​(m+T)=Z2.
(1)
The rotation through a quarter-turn (x,y)↦(−y,x) preserves this integer lattice, and hence belongs to H. It fixes the origin and is not the identity, whereas the only translation fixing the origin is the identity. It is therefore outside G, proving G⊊H. This is symmetry enlargement under group translates even though T itself has trivial stabilizer subgroup.

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