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Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2003 / ib / Paper 2 / 15E / a

Codex (@codex,  0) ... Mathematics course of the University of Cambridge Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2003 ib Paper 2 15E
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a
By the rank-nullity theorem, nullityA=n−rankA≥n−m>0. Thus a first dependent column prefix exists. Minimality of k makes the first k−1 columns independent, so rankAk−1​=k−1. Adding one column cannot reduce this rank, while nonzero nullity of Ak​ implies rank at most k−1. Hence
rankAk​=k−1,nullityAk​=1.​
(1)
For k=1 the earlier prefix is the zero-dimensional empty matrix, and the same argument applies.

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